The Horse and his Rider Essay Example For Students

The Horse and his Rider Essay Additionally, the curling smoke could indicate that it is autumn or winter and is most probably early morning as the hot breath of the horse mixes with the cold air. Flinty pebbles (l. 5) and clouds of sand (l. 12) suggest that the horse is probably on a beach. Baillie is Scottish and glaring south (l. 9) indicates that the ensuing battle is going to take place either across the border in England or possibly in France. Alternatively, this poem could refer to a medieval scene with a Knight and his steed about to go off on the crusades. We will write a custom essay on The Horse and his Rider specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After fourteen lines of admiration for the horse comes the turn in the poem and the mood changes from praise and adulation of the horse to praise and adulation of the rider. After But lo! (l. 15) comes the caesura and a complete change of tone and mood. What creature, asks the poet, is good enough to sit on such a magnificent beast as this horse? Eight lines later Baillie tells her reader, in a awed and admiring tone, that a British soldier, armed for war (l. 22) is that person. Described as godly (l.15) the reader can picture this mortal, dressed in armour and appearing a much larger than life figure. Portly stature (l. 17) could indicate that this man is not used to war and fighting and would be more at home going about his everyday tasks. But he is an Englishman and willing to fight for his country so he adopts a determined mien (l. 17). His dark eye (l. 18) indicates his anger and concern and his brow serene (l. 18) suggests his calm determination. Clearly this man understands the risks and futility involved in war and battle as he forward looks unmoved to the fields of death (l.19). This is also a compassionate man who, despite knowing what lies ahead, feels kindness and pity for his horse as he gently strokes (l. 20) the beast. Smiling and gently (l. 20) enhance the flowing movement of stroking the horse. There is a distinct change of mood in this final octave. Prior to this there is a real feeling of anger and excitement of what lies ahead and this also adds to the pomp and ceremony of battle. The horse, being just an animal, is not capable of seeing the dangers that lie ahead; whereas the man, a British soldier (l.22), whilst being proud and courageous like the horse, is also aware of the dangers and horror that the battlefield contains. Baillie manages to create a picture full of life, action, sound and expectation relating to the horse but subtly changes the feel and tempo of these final eight lines to give a more restrained impression of pride and acceptance when talking about the man. Throughout the poem Baillies shares her experience and feelings of the sight she has witnessed by building up a rhythmic pattern of rhyme and imagery to recreate the scene for the reader of her words. There are different levels at which this poem can be read and enjoyed and these are all interwoven. Literally the words tell a basic story a horse and rider are preparing to go to war. Ethically the poem looks at the moral issues of war and death. Historically it hints at the underlying political influences of fighting for ones King and Country. On an apocalyptical level it suggests the spiritual aspects of death. Steven Bygrave states that Romantic texts are more than usually highly politically charged (Bygrave, 1998, p. 14) and this poem is a good example of this and gives an idea of Baillies views. .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e , .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e .postImageUrl , .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e , .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e:hover , .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e:visited , .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e:active { border:0!important; } .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e:active , .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0fc86eba62b2f2ddfbf4936986d70f8e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The poet dreams EssayThat she admires both the horse and the rider is evident but whether she supports or condemns war is not clear. What she has done is provide her reader with a lucid picture of The Horse and his Rider whilst hinting at underlying issues but leaving the reader to form his or her own opinions. (1,436 words) Bygrave, S. (ed. ) (1998) Romantic Writings, The Open University Owens, W. R. and Johnson, H. (eds) (1998) Romantic Writings: An Anthology, The Open University Sue Ashbee (ed. ) (2001) Approaching Literature: Approaching Poetry, The Open University.

Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent (November 6, 1494–September 6, 1566) became the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire  in 1520, heralding the Golden Age of the Empires long history before his death. Perhaps best known for his overhaul of the Ottoman government during his reign, Suleiman was known by many names, including The LawGiver. His rich character and even richer contribution to the region and the Empire helped make it a source of great wealth in prosperity for years to come, ultimately leading to the foundation of several nations in Europe and the Middle East we know today. Fast Facts: Suleiman the Magnificent Known For: Sultan of the Ottoman EmpireAlso Known As: Kanunà ® Sultan Sà ¼leyman, Sultan Sà ¼leyman Han bin Selim Han, The Law Giver, Suleiman the FirstBorn: November 6, 1494 in Trabzon,  Ottoman EmpireParents: Selim I, Hafsa SultanDied: September 6, 1566 in Szigetvr,  Kingdom of Hungary,  Habsburg MonarchyEducation: TopkapÄ ± Palace  in  ConstantinopleSpouse(s): Mahidevran Hatun (consort), Hà ¼rrem Sultan (consort and, later, wife)Children: Åžehzade Mahmud, Åžehzade Mustafa,  Konya, Sehzade Murad, Åžehzade Mehmed, Åžehzade Abdullah, Sultan Selim II,  Hagia Sophia  Mosque), Åžehzade Bayezid,  Qazvin,  Ã…žehzade Cihangir,  Konya, Mihrimah Sultan,  AyÅŸe Hà ¼maÅŸah Sultan, Sultanzade Mehmed Bey, Sultanzade Osman Bey, Raziye Sultan   Early Life Suleiman was born the only surviving son of Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire and Aishe Hafsa Sultan of the Crimean Khanate.  As a child, he studied at the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul where he learned theology, literature, science, history, and warfare. He also became fluent in six languages there: Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Serbian, Chagatai Turkish (similar to Uighur), Farsi, and Urdu. Suleiman was fascinated by Alexander the Great  in his youth and would later program military expansion that has been attributed to being inspired in part by Alexanders conquests. As sultan, Suleiman would lead 13 major military expeditions and spend more than 10 years of his 46-year reign out on campaigns. His father ruled quite successfully and left his son in a remarkably secure position with the Janissaries  (members of the Sultans household troops) at the height of their usefulness; the Mamluks  defeated; and the great maritime power of Venice, as well as the Persian Safavid Empire, humbled by the Ottomans. Selim also left his son a powerful navy, a first for a Turkic ruler. Ascent to the Throne Suleimans father entrusted his son with the governorships of different regions within the Ottoman Empire from the age of 17. When Suleiman was 26 in 1520, Selim I died and Suleiman ascended the throne. Although he was of age, his mother served as co-regent. The new sultan immediately launched his program of military conquest and imperial expansion. In 1521, he put down a revolt by the governor of Damascus, Canberdi Gazali. Suleimans father had conquered the area that is now Syria in 1516, using it as a wedge between the Mamluk sultanate and the Safavid Empire, where they had appointed Gazali as the governor. On January 27, 1521, Suleiman defeated Gazali, who died in battle. In July of the same year, the Sultan laid siege to Belgrade, a fortified city on the Danube River. He used both a land-based army and a flotilla of ships to blockade the city and prevent reinforcement. Belgrade, part of modern Serbia, belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary in Suleimans time. The city fell to Suleimans forces on August 29, 1521, removing the last obstacle to an Ottoman advance into Central Europe. Before he launched his major assault on Europe, Suleiman wanted to take care of an annoying gadfly in the Mediterranean- Christian holdovers from the Crusades, the Knights Hospitallers. This group, based on the Island of Rhodes, had been capturing Ottoman and other Muslim nations ships, stealing cargoes of grain and gold, and enslaving the crews. The Knights Hospitallers piracy even imperiled Muslims who set sail to make the haj, the pilgrimage to Mecca that is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. Battling Oppressive Christian Regimes in Rhodes Selim I had tried and failed to dislodge the Knights in 1480. During the intervening decades, the Knights used Muslim slave labor to strengthen and reinforce their fortresses on the island in anticipation of another Ottoman siege. Suleiman sent out that siege in the form of an armada of 400 ships carrying at least 100,000 troops to Rhodes. They landed on June 26, 1522, and laid siege to the bastions full of 60,000 defenders representing various western European countries: England, Spain, Italy, Provence, and Germany. Meanwhile, Suleiman himself led an army of reinforcements on a march to the coast, reaching Rhodes in late July. It took nearly half a year of artillery bombardment and detonating mines under the triple-layer stone walls, but on December 22, 1522, the Turks finally forced all of the Christian knights and the civilian inhabitants of Rhodes to surrender. Suleiman gave the knights 12 days to gather their belongings, including weapons and religious icons, and leave the island on 50 ships provided by the Ottomans, with most of the knights immigrating to Sicily. The local people of Rhodes also received generous terms and had three years to decide whether they wanted to remain on Rhodes under the Ottoman rule or move elsewhere. They would pay no taxes for the first five years, and Suleiman promised that none of their churches would be converted into mosques. Most of them decided to stay when the Ottoman Empire took nearly complete control of the eastern Mediterranean. Into Europes Heartland Suleiman faced several additional crises before he was able to launch his attack into Hungary, but unrest among the Janissaries and a 1523 revolt by the Mamluks in Egypt proved to be only temporary distractions. In April 1526, Suleiman began the march to the Danube. On August 29, 1526, Suleiman defeated King Louis II of Hungary in the Battle of Mohacs and supported the nobleman John Zapolya as the next king of Hungary. But the Hapsburgs in Austria put forward one of their princes, Louis IIs brother-in-law Ferdinand. The Hapsburgs marched into Hungary and took Buda, placing Ferdinand on the throne and sparking a decades-long feud with Suleiman and the Ottoman Empire. In 1529, Suleiman marched on Hungary once more, taking Buda from the Hapsburgs and then continuing to besiege the Hapsburg capital at Vienna. Suleimans army of perhaps 120,000 reached Vienna in late September, without most of their heavy artillery and siege machines. On October 11 and 12 of that year, they attempted another siege against 16,000 Viennese defenders, but Vienna managed to hold them off once more and the Turkish forces withdrew. The Ottoman sultan did not give up on the idea of taking Vienna, but his second attempt in 1532 was similarly hampered by rain and mud and the army never even reached the Hapsburg capital. In 1541, the two empires went to war again when the Hapsburgs laid siege to Buda, trying to remove Suleimans ally from the Hungarian throne. The Hungarians and Ottomans defeated the Austrians, and captured additional Hapsburg holdings in 1541 and again in 1544. Ferdinand was forced to renounce his claim to be king of Hungary and had to pay tribute to Suleiman, but even as all of these events happened to the north and west of Turkey, Suleiman also had to keep an eye on his eastern border with Persia. War With the Safavids The Safavid Persian Empire that ruled much of southwestern Asia  was one of the Ottomans great rivals and a fellow gunpowder empire. Its ruler, Shah Tahmasp, sought to extend Persian influence by assassinating the Ottoman governor of Baghdad and replacing him with a Persian puppet, and by convincing the governor of Bitlis in eastern Turkey to swear allegiance to the Safavid throne. Suleiman, busy in Hungary and Austria, sent his grand vizier with a second army to retake Bitlis in 1533, which also seized Tabriz, in present-day northeastern Iran, from the Persians. Suleiman himself returned from his second invasion of Austria and marched into Persia in 1534, but the Shah refused to meet the Ottomans in open battle, withdrawing into the Persian desert and using guerrilla hits against the Turks instead. Suleiman retook Baghdad and was reconfirmed as the true caliph of the Islamic world. From 1548 to 1549, Suleiman decided to overthrow his Persian gadfly for good and launched a second invasion of the Safavid Empire. Once more, Tahmasp refused to participate in a pitched battle, this time leading the Ottoman army up into the snowy, rugged terrain of the Caucasus Mountains. The Ottoman sultan gained territory in Georgia and the Kurdish borderlands between Turkey and Persia but was unable to come to grips with the Shah. The third and final confrontation between Suleiman and Tahmasp took place from 1553 to 1554. As always, the Shah avoided open battle, but Suleiman marched into the Persian heartland and laid it to waste. Shah Tahmasp finally agreed to sign a treaty with the Ottoman sultan, in which he got control of Tabriz in exchange for promising to cease border raids on Turkey and to permanently relinquish his claims to Baghdad and the rest of Mesopotamia. Maritime Expansion Descendants of Central Asian nomads, the Ottoman Turks were not historically a naval power. Nonetheless, Suleimans father established an Ottoman seafaring legacy in the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and even the Indian Ocean beginning in 1518. During Suleimans reign, Ottoman ships traveled to Mughal Indias trading ports, and the sultan exchanged letters with the Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great. The sultans Mediterranean fleet patrolled the sea under the command of the famous Admiral Heyreddin Pasha, known in the west as Barbarossa. Suleimans navy also managed to drive troublesome newcomers to the Indian Ocean system, the Portuguese, out of a key base at Aden on the coast of Yemen in 1538. However, the Turks were unable to dislodge the Portuguese from their toeholds along the west coasts of India and Pakistan. Suleiman the Lawgiver Suleiman the Magnificent is remembered in Turkey as Kanuni, the LawGiver. He completely overhauled the formerly piecemeal Ottoman legal system, and one of his first acts was to lift the embargo on trade with the Safavid Empire, which hurt Turkish traders at least as much as it did Persian ones. He decreed that all Ottoman soldiers would pay for any food or other property they took as provisions while on a campaign, even while in enemy territory. Suleiman also reformed the tax system, dropping extra taxes imposed by his father and establishing a transparent tax rate system that varied according to peoples income. Hiring and firing within the bureaucracy would be based on merit, rather than on the whims of higher officials or family connections. All Ottoman citizens, even the highest, were subject to the law. Suleimans reforms gave the Ottoman Empire a recognizably modern administration and legal system more than 450 years ago. He instituted protections for Christian and Jewish citizens of the Ottoman Empire, denouncing blood libels against the Jews in 1553 and freeing Christian farm laborers from serfdom. Succession Suleiman the Magnificent had two official wives and an unknown number of additional concubines, so he bore many offspring. His first wife, Mahidevran Sultan, bore him his eldest son, an intelligent and talented boy named Mustafa. His second wife, a former Ukrainian concubine named Hurrem Sultan, was the love of Suleimans life and gave him seven sons. Hurrem Sultan knew that according to the rules of the harem,​ if Mustafa became sultan he would have all of her sons killed to prevent them from trying to overthrow him. She started a rumor that Mustafa was interested in ousting his father from the throne, so in 1553 Suleiman summoned his eldest son to his tent in an army camp and had the 38-year-old strangled to death. This left the path clear for Hurrem Sultans first son Selim to come to the throne. Unfortunately, Selim had none of the good qualities of his half-brother and is remembered in history as Selim the Drunkard. Death In 1566, the 71-year-old Suleiman the Magnificent led his army on a final expedition against the Hapsburgs in Hungary. The Ottomans won the Battle of Szigetvar on September 8, 1566, but Suleiman died of a heart attack the previous day. His officials did not want word of his death to distract and discomfit his troops, so they kept it a secret for a month and a half while the Turkish troops finalized their control of the area. Suleimans body was prepared for transport back to Constantinople. To keep it from putrefying, the heart and other organs were removed and buried in Hungary. Today, a Christian church and a fruit orchard stand in the area where Suleiman the Magnificent, greatest of the Ottoman sultans, left his heart on the battlefield. Legacy Suleiman the Magnificent vastly expanded the size and significance of the Ottoman Empire and launched a Golden Age in Ottoman arts. Achievements in the areas of literature, philosophy, art, and architecture had a major impact on both Eastern and Western styles. Some of the buildings constructed during his empire still stand today, including edifices designed by Mimar Sinan. Sources Clot, Andrà ©Ã‚  (1992).  Suleiman the Magnificent: The Man, His Life, His Epoch. London: Saqi Books.  ISBN  978-0-86356-126-9.The Sultans. TheOttomans.org.Parry, V.J. â€Å"Sà ¼leyman the Magnificent.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 23 Nov. 2018.

Hospitality Management Major-Dining Room Class Memo 2 Essay

Hospitality Management Major-Dining Room Class Memo 2 - Essay Example The training will look at the importance of getting information from the client. This practice is crucial because it makes sure that the set up is according the client’s expectations. According to Strianese, this process involves listening and guiding the client into making the best decisions for the function. This includes looking at the time schedule, the program, the room set up, and the selection of food and beverage. The second training area is the development of the Banquet Event Order (BEO). This is crucial because it will help the service team capture every detail meaning that they will be able to put attention in every detail. The final training section is looking at the legal issues affecting the food service operations. This is crucial because it will help the service team avoid cases that will attract strange legal cases. Strianese states that, â€Å"Managers should be aware of the type of cases that have been filed and what advice experts have given on how to avo id the lawsuits† (Strianese, pg 389). Some of the safety precautions to be considered include, following the client’s instruction to make sure that they are satisfied and making proper sitting arrangement to reduce risk of accident. These techniques will create and support a professional environment in the organization because the service team will attain knowledge on the best practices to follow in the service industry which will help them in their day to day

Marketing research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing research - Assignment Example This paper will critically evaluate the theoretical aspects related to exploratory marketing research to find out some marketing information and to cover letter as well as questionnaire in research. In market research, exploratory research is considered as more appropriate when more information is required to analyze a problem, opportunity or market related phenomenon (Wiid and Diggines, 2010, p. 55). Exploratory research helps a marketer acquire more insights and develop understandings rather than collecting accurate and replicable data and this is perhaps the main reason why most exploratory researches involve in-depth interviews. To find out students’ opinion about the purchase of new digital music player or any other kind of trendy products, exploratory research is more appropriate and effective since it helps the marketer clarify ambiguous situations and thus to develop ideas that would be potential for business opportunities (Zikmund and Babin, 2006, p. 51). Exploratory research is normally conducted when the marketer has to develop new products or redesign the existing products by analyzing existing demands, customers’ feedbacks and reviews for the existing products or competitive products etc. From the marketing perspective, digital music player companies such as Apple Inc, Sony etc that want to identify some most significant variables that their customers use to decide on whether to buy their music players. The company may want to collect variables related to different segments of the market such as students, middle-aged, women etc. For the exploratory research to find out students’ opinion about digital music player, the company would require gathering information related to factors that either directly or indirectly affects customers’ decision making to buy digital music players. For exploratory research to find out students’ opinion about digital players, the researcher needs to collect information such as

Modular questions for vendor systems Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modular questions for vendor systems - Article Example Although both best of breed and integrated system are very different and have their own particular nuances, the two systems each have both advantages and disadvantages. Doctor John Fontanetta (2010) is an emergency room physician who makes a convincing case for best of breed. Although speaking for the ER staff, he points out that the clinic or hospital has normally spent many years developing the system to suit their particular specialty and/or purpose. Why throw that away for an entirely new system that may or may not be up to date and suited to the facility? Another compelling argument concerns the fast-spreading H1N1 influenza virus. Doctor Fontanetta reports one hospital and its best of breed vendor had treatment and hospitalization plans operational in less than a day! However, Jay Simmons, an informatics professional, opts for the integrated system (2011), stating that not only are operating costs are lowered but the system is more efficient, in that PMS and EHR are working together. Yet even he admits that a clinic might regret ridding itself of the existing PMS. Sabooniha (2012) accurately describes the different loose knit information systems in a healthcare facility (pharmacy, financial, care, etc.) as a group of islands. They know who each other is but none of them is connected. The resulting chaos can result in a number of disadvantages for the facility, including increased costs and redundancy among systems. The most important resulting problem is the loss of data reliability. Therefore, he states that integration of all these systems is imperative for the business to be more competitive. The factors one must consider, according to Sabooniha, are â€Å"Flexibility, Real time, Reliability, Reusability, Performance, Complexity, The Centers for Disease Control (2012) agrees with Sabooniha in stating that the integration of systems will enhance security of the systems and greatly curtail the infamous leaks of patient privacy. In

Analyzing The Structure Of Top Gear Media Essay

Analyzing The Structure Of Top Gear Media Essay We have passed a long way and a journey to date, while we are entertaining the luxury of the word Automobile. The History reflects the evolution which has taken place in the Automobile dream to reality. We are capable of pointing the pioneers such as the scientist Sir Isaac Newton and the painter Leonardo da Vinci. Among the many more who first dreamt and created the structure, mechanism and the so called motor vehicle to the world. Their energy, sweat and blood is taken into account with gratitude in this modern world of motor vehicle technology or very simply The Automobile. In 1885 Karl Benz, the German mechanical engineer, designed and built the worlds first practical and usable automobile. Later a car transmission system was invented by Henry Ford after initiating all the strategies in the said particular industry multi-part features, automobiles started to evolve with the first steam, gasoline-engine cars and electrical cars. The path of the communicating the news, features and information came a long way as the automobiles to the new era of Television programming. The important of the motor show or a program evolved over the years in television program production. BBC actually leads this in front in the industry for telecasting the TOP GEAR shows. BBCs motto of this particular program was To inform, educate and entertain, the audience. They are very professionally achieving their target. They do inform, educate and entertain their audience with a firm strategy. We should take the point into the consideration. What was there methodology of such a successful TV program? How did they succeed achieving their goals, such as the secret of being the number one motor show for such a long time? What were the success formula of the production and the creative output of the final product as well? The most powerful part of this product was the planning stage of season 1 in1977 and again the planning of the re-launch in 2002. What is concept development and production planning in the Television Media? We will analyze it briefly. The concept development and the script of a project is a unique practice of well trained professionals. 2.0 Start with an idea An idea to develop a video program doesnt come suddenly from the moon. There should be something which has given that idea. Sometimes it may come across certain incident that reminds us about the video. Sometimes a person in the local store would have asked to prepare a video for him. This is the way to go on with the project: we should be aware of what subject to be covered, what kind of program we should use, who are the viewers of us? Therefore we should know what the clients exact requirements is, whether it is one hour or five minutes video clip. Make sure the way by which our viewers are going to integrate with the program. If we are dealing with a series the make sure we dont repeat it unless otherwise it needs a revision. There is a high probability that the audience will not recognize the availability of the other videos in our series. 3.0 Objectives and Goals What do we think our audience? would need to know after viewing our video production? If we get the answer for this question it would help us to develop a suitable production. The objectives would give a clear picture on what kind of measures to be used in entire process of our production. Basically Goals are considered very wide concept that we want to achieve. However the objectives are calculatable goals that are developed based on SMART characteristics. For example we can use some measures to make sure whether our viewer has understood any main concepts of our program. Therefore start thinking on the point of view of our viewers on what they should know after viewing our production. After our viewers watched the program they should be able to do the following things: Should be able to recognize three kind of sponsorship Should be able to recognize position of four crews Should be able to recognize issues with respect to scheduling All above mentioned are objectives in nature since those can be measured. Basically the number of objectives to be used is decided based on the goals. Therefore at any given time it may require only one objective or many. 4.0 Audience Targeted Then we decide on whom we are targeting whether it is a video of family album or learning methods in physics. we have to make sure whom we are addressing and what is the purpose: The nature of our audience Decide if it is for the local or general publics or the group of specialist. What is the level at which we have to produce like basic or advanced Are there any unique background, qualification or experience required for our audience What are the style in which our audience require our production It is our targeted audience who decide on what type of coverage or style that they need. It is obvious that the kind of program expected by the specialist is not similar to that of younger. Then we have to make sure they have got a suitable condition for the audience to watch our production. The productions are mostly viewed as VCDs, DVDs, or they watch in home, lecture rooms, or offices. They are not produced to broadcast. A talented director would foresee these unique situations and they would influence on making the program more effectively. How are they going to see our program and where? Would they be together to watch the video? In darkened room? Will they be watching a solid video or through the internet? Or would the video be watched on iPod while driving a vehicle? Directors would have to get ride off the dark or low-key scenes if that is to be viewed in direct daylight. People watching from the distant picture monitor would be able to identify the problems in terms of displaying the images in many monitors. Long range shots will have very little impact. Further closer shots are nessacery due to its value addition in terms of drama and emotion. Small letters will have no use in the small distant screen. To improve the visibility of headings, maps, charts etc., only provide limited and necessary information. If the target audience are using the iPods or any other small screen videos equipments directors should consider these aspects in developing more close ups shots than long shots that were used to be developed usually. Following questions can help you in identifying viewers problems in detail: Is our video program relying more on our already developed knowledge and skills? To what extent it knows the real subject? Does that program have any connection with any other programs in the series? Does the program have to remind any already developed programs? Are the viewers going to watch the program grouped? Or individually? Will they be seeing the program continuously or only once? Do they have the feasibility to watch the program again and again? Will it give a beak for the audience for the discussion about already shown program? Will any supporting thing be give for the audience to refer when they require? Will there be any other aspects such as noisy or inter competing? Would developed program be out of date soon? Will it be developed for formal situations or humor? 5.0 Research To establish program content or to ensure that the content is accurate and suitable there will be researches conducted. The programs such as newss, documentaries or interviews require high research before the production. This is one by going through the library books or online browsing or by contacting some specialists in the area. Sometime it may require travelling also. Further the research is very time consuming and have a great impact on overall budget. If the specialist whom we meat for our research purposes would request high fees then it one come really true and problem come more severe. The above chart shows the number of review scoring votes per episode. 6.0 Covering the subject This examines what is the subject matter covered, who includes in the group of viewers, further the ingredients will affect the decision on what kind of camera settings should be used for the program, how long or close the shots should be, what are the variations expected. Directors need to think about the following things very seriously: What are the content of the program? What are the angles to be used in the program developing? Are any additional graphics required to transfer the idea to audience more effectively? What is the best view point of making the cameras? How he is going to transfer the exact requirement to the crews so that the production can be more effective which ensures the achievement of the goals? Will all camera operators need to create a separate shot? A shot list would explain the requirement of each shots, it will be prepared in clear order, therefore the camera operators would only require a minimum level of direction for the director since it already give the clear picture about the shots required. 6.1 The Genre of Top Gear As per the television Industrial genre The Top Gear Show listed under The Magazine/ Documentary genre mix up with the Reality formations. Variety of topics presented in a television program which based on current events contains interviews and commentary with an entertaining  features,  reports, music  spots  etc. linked by a presenter is called a Magazine Program. A film or TV program which presents facts lined up about a person or an event literally called a documentary, docudrama, infotainment movie etc. in the television or movie genre. It is said and understood that this show is a factual example for a combination of both genres as mentioned earlier, The Magazine/ Documentary. The quality of the presentation and narration plays a vital role in developing the TOP GEAR show. Actually changed the original concept of documentary and magazine genres will combine into a reality formation. It is the time to rename such program genres. It is better to understand and analyze these specific words. It is well conversed among the professionals of the television industry. People create creative interpretations of actuality. Yes we do have to agree. This concept is followed by the analytical formations of formats. We could see there are basically ten types of formats and only two sorts of programs available: Panel show: contact the presses Programs to demonstrate Conducting game shows : Thanga vettai, Kodishwaran in India Live coverage : On the day of elections, presidents addressing Sport games : Football, cricket Documentary programs : Reality programs like Derana superstar in Sri Lanka Programs are basically scored or scripted in other major categories, such as follows: News: Hourly news In India, morning and evening coverage of the stations situations. Dramas: This includes the Comedies and tragedy programs in a series. Music Programs: Youngers music competitions in India, Sirasa superstar in Sri Lanka. Performance art Some of these formats are related. They all borrow techniques and skills from one another, so its common to see music video techniques in dramas and documentary techniques in the news Shooting session of Top Gear Show 7.0 Duration of the Show In commercial television, the script must also factor in commercial breaks. These breaks include regular commercials, promos, and other material supplied by the local station affiliate. + A one-hour show actually only broadcasts about 44 to 48 minutes of programming, along with 12 to 16 minutes of breaks. The script is generally about 50 to 55 pages long. + A half-hour show runs 22 to 24 minutes with 6 to 8 minutes of commercial breaks. The traditional guideline is that one page equals one minute of action; this can vary with the genre. Top Gear  was produced under the base of motor car, and broadcast since 1977 to 2001. It was originally created in 30-minute magazine format. The show was re-launched in 2002. The format was revived into a studio based format. The origination of this concept and creation of the program was totally done by BBC. BBC America. BBC Canada, RTE Two and Setanta Ireland has also shown the program in their respective countries. Top Gear was also shown on Setanta Ireland in Ireland too. Then gone on long journey through Netherlands, Belgium, Czech Republic, Sweden, Malaysia, Australia as well as New Zealand etc. along with Latin America, and a number of other television channels around the world produced this format in their versions too. The popularity of this particular program made its path a long way around the world. Three versions have been done internationally adapting the format and the concept. The production locally done in United States. Russia and Australia. In each country they have created it with respective local talents and production teams. History Channel of US has taken the rights to the American version of top gear. On November 21, 2010, they have aired the first episode to the American television industry. Its said and estimated that the worldwide viewership was more than 350 million viewers. The show has received vast appreciation among the audience for its presentation and visual style. The original series reached its peak in the 1990s and according to the critics and enthusiasts program came to an end by the end of the particular decade. But with that producer  Andy Wilman successfully presented a new format for  Top Gear  to the BBC which has changed their intention of freezing the program in 2001. The new series began its journey in 2002.  Its on the move since then, up-to-date. Dunsfolds runways and taxiways are the place where top gear people using as their temporary racing circuit designed and maintained for the show. They use standing audience to create the production. The new series which has formatted in 2002 had some new changes to the product. Those changes were much appreciated by the audience other than the old show. The length of the program has been changed to one hour. Two new presenters were introduced to the product. A helmeted racing driver introduced as the test drive. The Stigà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ made the change worthy watching. There were new segments also, including Stars in a reasonably priced car, The Cool Wall, The News, Power laps, and off features such as races, competitions and the regular destruction of caravans  etc. 8.0 Segments The show is all about having long distanced races. Here the presenter would drive a car against the different types of vehicles. Although it is very easy to mention like that, it is great to see a person going unorthodox using other mode of transports. The main challenge here is to use different combination of vehicles such as plan, ferry or train. This part is edited in exciting way that will attract and keep the audience to the maximum gear. They make sure this remains till the program ends. It is the viewer who sees who is the winner. This kind of qualities is required in presenting the program to keep the viewers motivated till the end of the show. Then as a secondary activity they should remember to emphasis on rating to face the television industry. The variety of the program is very important on the other hand. Many small races will be held to ensure the variety. Then they would be able to know the strength and weaknesses of a specific vehicle. 9.0 Challenges In early few series they included some unique challenges and very short stunt films generally based on the broken premises like buses jumping over the motorcycle as opposed to the usual style of motorbikes jumping over the busses. This show had a great impact on viewers they really loved the series very much. These cars are still available at a museum. [Refer: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtTnfFH2Hjc ] 10. Celebrity in a Reasonably Priced Car In celebrities will appear in each episode this would attract the viewers by giving a opportunity for them to see the fast track of the popular person. 11.0 Power Laps The celebrity Stig completed a fast round in the high top gear in order to evaluate the performance level of the numerous cars in the Power lap segments. If the car can meet the criterias such as road worthy, able to negotiate a bumper and commercially available then it can be considered to be qualified for the Power lap Board. 12.0 Christmas specials There were special segments created according to the time of year to give the seasons impact to the audience. 13.0 Car of the Year This was another special segment introduced at the end of each autumn series. The segment contains the favor and the choice of the hosts. They present an award. The award is given as the favorite car of the year. The criteria of the award are so simple, yet powerful. It is all three presenters choice. They have to agree unanimously to take the decision. 14.0 Presentation History BBC started this program called Top gear in 1977. The presenters were William Woollard and Noel Edmonds along with Tony Mason, Chriss Goffey and Frank Page. It said that the name actually arrived form a radio series called Top Gear. It was a magazine show that spoke about the new car models to the market and various car related problems. Further it included some special events like motor spots and classic car events. Jon Bentley appeared as one of the show maker in 1987. Other new makers were using new previous Formula one driver Tiff Needl and Jeremy Clarkson and that got a great respond from the audience. Further it became very controversial and humorous becoming more critical. According to the necessity and segments the presenters have changed over the history. Total Top Gear is based on three main Presenters. They are James May and Jeremy Clarkson Richard Hammond. Stig test has driven many of the cars who was considered to be a Non speaking presenter. Each presenter actually targeted wide variety of people based on the age of the people. For example James May targeted older demography where as Richard Hammond targeted the young female audience. Therefore Top Gear presenters are very special and unique to each other in terms of performing in the show. there are four main presenters involved in the Gadget show such as John Bentley, Jason Bradbury, Ortis Deley and Suzi Perry. The use of female presenters really surprised the entire audience since it was traditionally dominated by only male. 15.0 Worldwide Telecast Its a known factor there are magazine, documentary and other genres such as talk shows, reality shows etc are created and done allover the world to enhance the motor vehicle lovers. But first of all we can enlist the countries which broadcast the Top Gear Show and few of its own versions. Australia Australia managed to retain the rights to telecast the TOP GEAR shows locally and this is the first country to do like this. 2004 series of TOP GEAR was telecasted in 2005, it attracts the audience to the great extent. Then they came out with their own version. America This series includes high level action and excitement. Its full of action. It can be mentioned as adventures as well. This show was mainly made for car lovers. This featured super cars, challenges and stunts, reviews about cars and interviews of celebrities. United Kingdom On Sunday nights Top Gear  is first broadcast on BBC2  and repeated on the following Wednesday evening and again the following Saturday 16.0 Themes The rocknroll theme of top gear inspired the world because of the macho-ness it emphasized in the mentality of the audience. It was utter human psychology which the producers used to create the atmosphere. Women who watched the program loved it. It really created the connection of the car with human in a musical bond. 4/4 rock beat also was a heavy in sound system that has to beaded for the macho content. The drum track adds a bass and snare to have heavy sound effects. Further for masculine themes it adds a deep riff over the drums. It was amazing that when it was played audience quickly realized that it was the Top Gears soundtrack. The Allman Brothers Bands instrumental hit Jessica has been used as the theme song since 1977. The show used part of the original Allmans recording of the song until the late 1990s, later theyve changed it to cover versions According to the later requirements, and producers have searched for new themes according to the segments introduced. For an example, for the series 6, there were nominations for showing a drive sound, the final and last list of ten were voted for by write-in nominations on the  Top Gear  website, the top five has been selected, and then submitted them to the viewers to vote. The best one was selected by the audience. It actually took the Magazine format of the Production in to the Reality format. (Taking these points to the consideration and, weve noted the factor earlier. As per the television Industrial genre The Top Gear Show listed under The Magazine/ Documentary genre mixed up with the Reality formations.) Top Gear had a unique compilation of songs. Several songs have been released while the run of the particular show. These driving songs have been attracted many people. The factor should be taken into consideration. How the audience appreciated the program and the music. Its the marvel reality we find today, not the themes emerged through the era. But the artists who have received the fame because of the product.. Top gear. It was vice versa as well. This is the most amazing, wonderful gravity of this mediaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Television. 17.0 Set The Top Gear set totally looks masculine. The background made out of car body parts all attached together looks like a young boys toy. But a person could gather things from it and build up a car on his own. Such an environment to a program It is very creative, but the hidden factor is the approach of the designers. There are things or factors to be considered when creating such a set to a program. The motto of the show, the target audience, concept, the feel and the look, the subject matter of the product, etc For an example we can identify the tyres in the cool wall. What does the idea reflects. Even the seats made out of leather from car seats. The look and feel is a mans garage. Then to the target audience. Mainly males. So do the main set. It does reflect a racing track. The show is about cars, tracks, races are the firsthand feeling of the viewer. Throughout the show the viewer is bonded with the feeling of the show. This is a well planned set done by professionals. 18.0 Audience It is said and believed that the Top Gear is the most popular car enthusiasts show on the earth. According to the surveys done through variety of methods its said, the program is having minimum viewership of 350 million people around the world. Targeted Top Gear Audience is males because of the content of the product, but females are attracted to the show. Why is it? The very basic factor is women too love and like cars. Secondary factor is women too like adventure. Then comes the attraction of male presenters. 19.0 Activity of Scheduling These are the patterns of scheduling taken place in Major telecast in UK on BBC HD as well as BBC two. 20.0 Other Dominating Channels Following channels from world wide also telecasted this show such as Canada BBC, America BBC, BBC, Dave (Channel), Setanta Ireland, Nine Network, Netherland Veronica, Belgium Canvas, Sweden Kanal 9, Malaysia Media Prima, BBC Entertainment, TV Latin America, New Zealand 21.0 Comparisons between the Similar Shows Fifth Gear It is an early Motoring Television  magazine program in UK. Channel 5 showed it originally; in 2010 the 17th series was started. 22.0 Format 23 minutes was the initial running time for seven series of the program in the autumn of 2005 eighth series started with some amendments? It was in a format of 45 minutes, Then in the ninth series air time increased to one hour, the episodes consisted was thirteen. At the beginning of the seventeenth series they made another changeover by reducing the running time. It was a half hour slot canned to a twenty three minutes program. Several of  Top Gears  ex-presenters,  were hired by Channel 5 to present  Fifth Gear. Driven   Motoring Television program  launched  Ã‚  in 1998  by Channel 4, UK. The style was similar to top Gear.   But there were additional different type of components included as well. Driven 100 was such a feature. Three cars of the same class road tested in the segment. The criteria of the marks given to the cars associated with the qualities such as Practicality, Desirability and Cost of Ownership. Driven  was cancelled by Channel 4 in 2002. Vroom Vroom British entertainment program telecast in Granada media. The shows will run for one hour , and facilities a numerous mix of segments, from the  Vroom Vroom  test drive featuring (among other things)  tips for buying and selling cars and banger racing. Wheels This is a very well popular and established program in the India. This is on BBC World News India. The program was launched in 1994 and done in Delhi. The show went for a re-launch in2004.The program covers a vast area of cars and bike information and news. The product is holding an annual award ceremony as well. Its called Wheels Award. 23.0 Conclusion The conclusion of this report and findings would indicate the clear picture about the success and failure of the TOP GEAR in its history. Top Gear entered a world in which cars are not considered as mechanics anymore, but rather it is all about lifestyles. It is about going a road-trip, seeing great places in the world, fighting ever-madder challenges. Or, to put it  simply, it is about having exiting fun. Clarkson and his boys adventures have really given a great exiting experience showing a totally different world., including the very dangerous efforts like entering the North Pole in a specially-prepared Toyota Hilux.. By Branko Brkic Main photo: BBC 2 MPH Live featuring Clarkson, Hammond and May is currently on in Johannesburg

Hard Times :: essays research papers

The book Hard Times written by Charles Dickens is a story about a Lancashire Mill Town in the 1840’s. The novel is divided into three books. Dickens titles the books accordingly to prepare the reader for what is about to come, and throughout the novel he shows the effects of the education system, the setup of the caste system, and the Industrial Revolution had on society through this small town of Coketown. The main characters of the novel show the English caste system of the 19th century by showing how one influences the other and the amount of power the bourgeois now have in society. They own the factories. Therefore, they have the money and, because of the changes coming from the revolution, have some power in society. The titles of the three books, â€Å"Sowing†, â€Å"Reaping†, and â€Å"Garnering† shows significance in the way Dickens is trying to help the reader get an understanding of what is to come. Dickens shows the way the working classes are f ighting for a say in the way they are treated at work by forming unions and how a bad negotiator can ruin things. He shows from the start that the education system is based on â€Å"fact† and not â€Å"fancy.† The breakdown of the â€Å"fact† based education is shown when Gradgrind himself asked a question that is not fact based. In the end, the whole system of education is reversed and the â€Å"fancy† is fancied. The novel can be summarized as a book about two struggles. One struggle is between fact and imagination and the other is the struggle between two classes. Thomas Gradgrind, the father of Louisa, Tom, and June not only stresses facts in the classroom in which he teaches, but also at home to his family. He has brought up his children to know only the â€Å"facts.† Everything is black and white, right or wrong with nothing in between. Gradgrind does not like the idea of going to the circus or having flowered carpet. Everyone knows a person cannot have flowered carpet. He would trample all over them and they would end up dying. The second struggle is between the classes is illustrated between Stephen Blackpool and Bounderby. Blackpool represents the working class and Bounderby the bourgeois or middle class. He is a warm-hearted man who feels he deserves this mediocre life. Blackpool was once an employee under Bounderby and was fired for standing up for his beliefs.

History of Optometry

The history of optometry can be traced back to the early studies on optics and image formation by the eye. The origins of optometric science (optics, as taught in a basic physics class) date back a few thousand years BC as evidence of the existence of lenses for decoration has been found. It is unknown when the first spectacles were made, but the British scientist and historian Sir Joseph Needham stated in his research that the ancient Chinese invented the earliest eyeglasses 1000 years ago and were also mentioned by the Venetian Marco Polo in his account of his travels in ancient China.Alternatively, research by David A. Goss in the United States, shows they may have originated independently in the late 13th century in Italy as stated in a manuscript from 1305 where a monk from Pisa named Rivalto stated â€Å"It is not yet 20 years since there was discovered the art of making eyeglasses†. Spectacles were manufactured in Italy, Germany, and the Netherlands by 1300. Benito Daza de Valdes published the third book on optometry in 1623, where he mentioned the use and fitting of eyeglasses.In 1692, William Molyneux wrote a book on optics and lenses where he stated his ideas on myopia and problems related to close-up vision. The scientists Claudius Ptolemy and Johannes Kepler also contributed to the creation of optometry. Kepler discovered how the retina in the eye creates vision. From 1773 until around 1829, Thomas Young discovered the disability of astigmatism and it was George Biddell Airy who designed glasses to correct that problem that included spherocylindrical lens.Although the term optometry appeared in the 1759 book A Treatise on the Eye: The Manner and Phenomena of Vision by Scottish physician William Porterfield, it was not until the early twentieth century in the United States and Australia that it began to be used to describe the profession. By the late twentieth century however, marking the distinction with dispensing opticians, it had become th e internationally accepted term.

Marketing goals Essay

In order to set SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time bound) goals, it is highly important that there is a compatibility between the marketing and business goals. (Write Market). The broader marketing goal is to become a cost leader and gain a larger market share in the market of toy manufacturers (Locally) in 25-30 years since the company at present is at its infancy stage. Company’s focus at present unlike its competitors is to give customers â€Å"More for less† in terms of value. However, this long-term goal represents where the company wants to be in the future. The short-term goals include enhancing external positioning in the toy market by conducting ATL (Above the line marketing communication strategies like advertising, working on store ambiance and layout to make them more consumer friendly, etc) and BTL (Below the Line advertising like events, stalls, discounts, etc), maintaining and enhancing relationships with suppliers. Stakeholder engagement, Up-to-date Knowledge about market trends, customer needs and changes in customer needs are also important marketing goals. It is also important that the toys Unique Selling Proposition i. e. low price, environmental friendliness, distinct benefits of using ORIGIN, innovative uses, etc are clearly communicated.

Battle of Dak To in the Vietnam War

Battle of Dak To in the Vietnam War The Battle of Dak To was a major engagement of the Vietnam War and was fought from November 3 to 22, 1967. Armies Commanders US Republic of Vietnam Major General William R. Peers16,000 men North Vietnam Viet Cong General Hoang Minh ThaoTran The Mon6,000 men Background of the Battle of Dak To In the summer of 1967, the Peoples Army of Vietnam (PAVN) initiated a series of attacks in western Kontum Province. To counter these, Major General William R. Peers commenced Operation Greeley using elements of the 4th Infantry Division and the 173rd Airborne Brigade. This was designed to sweep PAVN forces from the jungle-covered mountains of the region. After a series of sharp engagements, contact with PAVN forces diminished in August, leading the Americans to believe that they had withdrawn back across the border into Cambodia and Laos. After a quiet September, US intelligence reported that PAVN forces around Pleiku were moving into Kontum in early October. This shift increased PAVN strength in the area to around division level. The PAVN plan was to utilize the the 6,000 men of the 24th, 32nd, 66th, and 174th regiments to isolate and destroy a brigade-sized American force near Dak To. Largely devised by  General Nguyen Chi Thanh, the goal of this plan was to force the further deployment of American troops to the border regions which would leave South Vietnams cities and lowlands vulnerable. To deal with this build up of PAVN forces, Peers directed the 3rd Battalion of the 12th Infantry and the 3rd Battalion of the 8th Infantry to launch Operation MacArthur on November 3. Fighting Begins Peers understanding of the enemys intentions and strategy was greatly enhanced on November 3, following the defection of Sergeant Vu Hong who provided key information regarding PAVN unit locations and intentions. Alerted to each PAVN units location and objective, Peers men began engaging the enemy the same day, disrupting the North Vietnamese plans for attacking Dak To. As elements of the 4th Infantry, 173rd Airborne, and the 1st Brigade of the 1st Air Cavalry went into action they found that the North Vietnamese had prepared elaborate defensive positions on the hills and ridges around Dak To. Over the ensuing three weeks, American forces developed a methodical approach to reducing PAVN positions. Once the enemy was located, massive amounts of firepower (both artillery and air strikes) were applied, followed by an infantry assault to secure to objective. To support this approach, Bravo Company, 4th Battalion, 173rd Airborne established Fire Support Base 15 on Hill 823 early in the campaign. In most instances, PAVN forces fought tenaciously, bloodying the Americans, before vanishing into the jungle. Key firefights in the campaign occurred on Hills 724 and 882. As these fights were taking place around Dak To, the airstrip became a target for PAVN artillery and rocket attacks. Final Engagements The worst of these took place on November 12, when rockets and shellfire destroyed several C-130 Hercules transports as well as detonated the bases ammunition and fuel depots. This resulted in the loss of 1,100 tons of ordnance. In addition to the American forces, Army of Vietnam (ARVN) units also took part in the battle, seeing action around Hill 1416. The last major engagement of the Battle of Dak To began on November 19, when the 2nd Battalion of the 503rd Airborne attempted to take Hill 875. After meeting initial success, the 2/503 found itself caught in an elaborate ambush. Surrounded, it endured a severe friendly fire incident and was not relieved until the next day. Resupplied and reinforced, the 503rd attacked the crest of Hill 875 on November 21. After savage, close-quarters fighting, the airborne troopers neared the top of the hill, but were forced to halt due to darkness. The following day was spent hammering the crest with artillery and air strikes, completely removing all cover. Moving out on the 23rd, the Americans took the top of the hill after finding that the North Vietnamese had already departed. By the end of November, the PAVN forces around Dak To were so battered that they were withdrawn back across the border ending the battle. Aftermath of the Battle of Dak To A victory for the Americans and South Vietnamese, the Battle of Dak To cost 376 US killed, 1,441 US wounded, and 79 ARVN killed. In the course of the fighting, Allied forces fired 151,000 artillery rounds, flew 2,096 tactical air sorties, and conducted 257 B-52 Stratofortress strikes. Initial US estimates placed enemy losses above 1,600, but these were quickly questioned and PAVN casualties were later estimated to be between 1,000 and 1,445 killed. The Battle of Dak To saw US forces drive the North Vietnamese from the Kontum Province and decimated the regiments of the 1st PAVN Division. As a result, three of the four would be unable to participate the Tet Offensive in January 1968. One of the border battles of late 1967, the Battle of Dak To did accomplish a key PAVN objective as US forces began to move out from cities and lowlands. By January 1968, half of all US combat units were operating away from these key areas. This led to some concern among those on General William Westmorelands staff as they saw parallels with the events that led to French defeat at Dien Bien Phu in 1954.  These concerns would be realized with the beginning of the Battle of Khe Sanh in January 1968. Resources and Further Reading Vietnam Studies: Tactical and Material InnovationsEdward F. Murphy, Dak To. New York: Presidio Press , 2002.

Transition to IPv6 (PROVISIONAL) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Transition to IPv6 (PROVISIONAL) - Essay Example The IP address which is issued permanently is referred to as a static IP address while that issued every time the device boots is referred to as a dynamic IP address. The static IP addresses are manually issued by the administrator and the procedure used usually varies across different platforms. (Wu, et al., 2012) Dynamic IP addresses on the other hand can be assigned by the computer interface, the host software or even by the server using DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). Although IP addresses assigned through DCHP will stay the same for long periods of time, it is possible for them to generally change. An administrator may for instance implement static IP addresses dynamically. A DCHP server is used in this case but it is configured to always assign the same IP address to a given computer. This is advantageous in that it allows central configuration of static IP addresses without specifically configuring each computer on the network manually (Amoss & Minoli, 2007). In the case of the absence of static or DCHP address configurations or failure of the same, the operating system hence assigns an IP address to the network. This is done using stateless auto configuration methods. Frequently, IP addresses are assigned on broadband networks and LAN’s dynamically by the DCHP. This protocol is used because it does not require a specific assignment of each device on the network hence relieving the administrator of that burden. The protocol also allows sharing of IP addresses when they are limited, and this is done if some of the devices will be online at a given period of time (Carpenter, et al., 2013). Most recent operating systems have dynamic IP configuration enabled by default. This lessens the work for the user since they don’t have to set up the network settings manually whenever they are connecting to a network having a DCHP server. Apart from DCHP, there are other technologies used to assign IP addresses like

Strategy Assignment-Hospital or Health System Case Study - 1

Strategy Assignment-Hospital or Health System - Case Study Example The organization enjoys as a world-class Medicare center status (Magnet Status) having recorded tremendous achievements in their strive to deliver better services guided by their pillar mission of meeting the demands of the patients by offering high quality services through heightened professionalism. In Boston, Massachusetts General Hospital has four centers that work to deliver quality professionals healthcare through its large pool of doctors, nurses, social workers among other health service providers who dedicate their lives to restoring the state of well-being amongst the society members. Additionally, it is a teaching institute that provides a practical framework within which medical competence can be enhanced. It as well as engages in research to curb health issues challenging the community (MGH, 2015). The hospital has the desire to continually provide high quality world-class health services. The institution’s structure is based on functionality and various units are classified according to the roles they play. Massachusetts General Physicians Organization (MGPO) is a union with own goals embedded in the overall organizational objectives (MGH, 2015). The hospital is headed by David Torchiana as its CEO who works closely with the head of units and departments to ensure coordination and efficiency in operations. In every unit and discipline there is a head such as the chief nurse and many other who head other areas of specialization. This functional structure works well as the units are headed by experts in the respective disciplines. If another structure such as divisional was used it would create confusion since a manager may head a discipline they do not understand (Buchbinder and Sharks, 2012). The institutions strive for excellence is enabled by the strict criteria used by the HR department in ensuring only highly qualified employees are hired. Training and personnel development are usually